NEET Biology MCQs – Biotechnology And Its Applications

Biotechnology And Its Applications Assessment Test

Question 1. The rising of dough is due to:

1. Multiplication of yeast
2. Production of CO₂
3. Emulsification
4. Hydrolysis of wheat flour starch into sugars.

Answer: 2. Production of CO₂

Question 2. An enzyme catalyzing the removal of nucleotides from the ends of DNA is:

1. Endonuclease
2. Exonuclease
3. DNA ligase
4. Hind-E.

Answer: 2. Exonuclease

Question 3. The transfer of genetic material from one bacterium to another through the mediation of a vector-like virus is termed as:

1. Transduction
2. Conjugation
3. Transformation
4. Translation.

Answer: 1. Transduction

Question 4. Which of the given statements is correct in the context of observing DNA separated by agarose gel electrophoresis?

1. DNA can be seen in visible light
2. DNA can be seen without staining in visible light
3. Ethidium bromide-stained DNA can be seen in visible light
4. Ethidium bromide-stained DNA can be seen under exposure to UV light.

Answer: 4. Ethidium bromide-stained DNA can be seen under exposure to UV light.

Question 5. ‘Restriction’ in Restriction enzyme refers to :

1. Cleaving of phosphodiester bonds in DNA by the enzyme
2. Cutting of DNA at specific positions only
3. Prevention of the multiplication of bacteriophage in bacteria
4. All of the above.

Answer: 3. Prevention of the multiplication of bacteriophage in bacteria

Question 6. A recombinant DNA molecule can be produced in the absence of the following:

1. Restriction endonuclease
2. DNA ligase
3. DNA fragments
4. E. coli.

Answer: 4. E. coli.

Question 7. In agarose gel electrophoresis, DNA molecules are separated on the basis of their:

1. Charge only
2. Size only
3. Charge-to-size ratio
4. All of the above.

Answer: 2. Size only

Question 8. The most important feature in a plasmid to be used as a vector is :

1. Origin of replication (ori)
2. Presence of a selectable marker
3. Presence of sites for restriction endonuclease
4. Its size.

Answer: 3. Presence of sites for restriction endonuclease

Question 9. While isolating DNA from bacteria, which of the following enzymes is not used?

1. Lysozyme
2. Ribonuclease
3. Deoxyribonuclease
4. Protease.

Answer: 1. Lyozyme

Question 10. Which of the following has popularised the PCR (polymerase chain reactions)?

1. Easy availability of DNA template
2. Availability of synthetic primers
3. Availability of cheap deoxyribonucleotides
4. Availability of ‘Thermostable’ DNA polymerase.

Answer: 4. Availability of ‘Thermostable’ DNA polymerase.

Question 11. An antibiotic resistance gene in a vector usually helps in the selection of:

1. Competent cells
2. Transformed cells
3. Recombinant cells
4. None of the above.

Answer: 2. Transformed cells

Question 12. The significance of the ‘heat shock’ method in bacterial transformation is to facilitate:

1. Binding of DNA to the cell wall
2. Uptake of DNA through membrane transport proteins
3. Uptake of DNA through transient pores in the bacterial cell wall
4. Expression of antibiotic resistance gene.

Answer: 3. Uptake of DNA through transient pores in the bacterial cell wall

Question 13. The role of DNA ligase in the construction of a recombinant DNA molecule is:

1. Formation of a phosphodiester bond between two DNA fragments
2. Formation of hydrogen bonds between sticky ends of DNA fragments
3. Ligation of all purime and pyrimidine bases
4. None of the above.

Answer: 1. Formation of a phosphodiester bond between two DNA fragments

Question 14. Which of the following bacteria is not a source of restriction endonuclease?

1. Haemophilus influenza
2. Escherichia coli
3. Agrobacterium tumefaciens
4. Bacillus amyloid.

Answer: 3. Agrobacterium tumefaciens

Question 15. Which of the following steps are catalyzed by Taq polymerase in a PCR reaction?

1. Denaturation of template DNA
2. Annealing of primers to template DNA
3. Extension of primer end on the template DNA
4. All of the above.

Answer: 3. Extension of primer end on the template DNA

Question 16. A bacterial cell was transformed with a recombinant DNA that was generated using a human gene. However, the transformed cells did not produce the desired protein. The reasons could be:

1. Human genes may have intron which bacteria cannot process
2. Amino acid condoms for humans and bacteria are different
3. Human protein is formed but degraded by bacteria
4. All of the above.

Answer: 1. Human genes may have intron which bacteria cannot process

Question 17. Which of the following should be chosen for the best yield if one were to produce a recombinant protein in large amounts?

1. Laboratory flask of the largest capacity
2. A stirred-tank bioreactor without in-lets and outlets
3. A continuous culture system
4. Any of the above.

Answer: 3. A continuous culture system

Question 18. Who among the following was awarded the Nobel Prize for the development of PCR technique?

1. Herbert Boyer
2. Hargovind Khurana
3. Kary Mullis
4. Arthur Komberg

Answer: 3. Kary Mullis

Question 19. Which of the following statements does not hold true for restriction enzymes?

1. It recognizes a palindromic nucleotide sequence
2. It is an endonuclease
3. It is isolated from viruses
4. It produces the same kind of stick ends in different DNA molecules.

Answer: 3. It is isolated from viruses

Question 20. Bt cotton is not:

1. A GM plant
2. Insect resistant
3. A bacterial gene expression system
4. Resistant to all pesticides.

Answer: 4. Resistant to all pesticides.

Question 21. C-peptide of human insulin is:

1. A part of the mature insulin molecule
2. Responsible for the formation of disulfide bridges
3. Removed during maturation of pro-insulin to insulin
4. Responsible for its biological activity.

Answer: 3. Removed during maturation of pro-insulin to insulin

Question 22. GEAC stands for:

1. Genome Engineering Action Committee
2. Ground Environment Action Committee
3. Genetic Engineering Approval Committee
4. Genetic and Envimment Approval Committee.

Answer: 3. Genetic Engineering Approval Committee

Question 23. a-1 antitrypsin as:

1. An antacid
2. An enzyme
3. Used to treat arthritis
4. Used to treat emphysema.

Answer: 4. Used to treat emphysema.

Question 24. A probe which is a molecule used to locate specific sequences in a mixture of DNA or RNA molecules could be:

1. A single-stranded RNA
2. A single-stranded DNA
3. Either RNA or DNA
4. Can be ss DNA but not ss RNA.

Answer: 3. Either RNA or DNA

Question 25. Choose the correct option regarding Retrovirus.

1. An RNA virus that can synthesize DNA during inflection
2. A DNA virus that can synthesize RNA during infection
3. A ssDNA virus
4. A dsRNA virus.

Answer: 1. An RNA virus that can synthesize DNA during inflection

Question 26. The site of production of ADA in the body is:

1. Bone marrow
2. Lymphocytes
3. Blood plasma
4. Monocytes.

Answer: 1. Bone marrow

Question 27. A protoxin is:

1. A primitive toxin
2. A denatured toxin
3. Toxin produced by protozoa
4. Inactive toxin.

Answer: 4. Inactive toxin.

Question 28. Pathophysiology is the:

1. Study of physiology of pathogen
2. Study of the normal physiology of the host
3. Study of altered physiology of the host
4. None of the above.

Answer: 3. Study of altered physiology of the host

Question 29. The trigger for activation of the toxin of Bacillus thuringiensis is:

1. Acidic pH of the stomach
2. High temperature
3. Alkaline pH of gut
4. Mechanical action in the insect gut.

Answer: 3. Alkaline pH of gut

Question 30. Golden rice is:

1. A variety of rice grown along the Yellow River in China
2. Long stored rice having yellow color tint
3. A transgenic rice having the gene for b-carotene
4. The wild variety of rice with yellow-colored grains.

Answer: 3. A transgenic rice having gene for b-carotene

Question 31. In RNAi, genes are silenced using :

1. ssDNA
2. dsDNA
3. dsRNA
4. ssRNA.

Answer: 3. dsRNA

Question 32. The first clinical gene therapy was done for the treatment of:

1. AIDS
2. Cancer
3. Cystic fibrosis
4. SCID.

Answer: 4. SCID.

(Severe Combined Immuno Deficiency resulting from deficiency of ADA)

Question 33. ADA is an enzyme that is deficient in the genetic disorder SCID. What is the full form of ADA?

1. Adenosine deoxy aminase
2. Adenosine deaminase
3. Aspartate deaminase
4. Arginine deaminase.

Answer: 2. Adenosine deaminase

Question 34. Silencing of a gene could be achieved through the use of:

1. Short interfering RNA (RNAi)
2. Antisense RNA
3. By both
4. None of the above.

Answer: 3. By both

Question 35. Genetic engineering considered to be a branch of biotechnology is concerned with:

1. Alteration of genetic makeup of cells
2. Transfer or replacement of gene
3. Creation of recombinant DNA
4. All the above.

Answer: 4. All the above.

Question 36. Which of the following is used as a carrier of transferring of selected DNA into cells?

1. A plasmid
2. Artificial chromosome BACS
3. Artificial chromosomes YACs
4. All the above.

Answer: 4. All the above.

Question 37. Which of the following is correct with regard to recombinant of DNA technology?

1. Isolation of useful DNA segment from donor
2. Splicing useful DNA into suitable vectors and producing multiple copies of recombinant DNA
3. Inserting this altered DNA into the recipient organism and screening of transformed cells
4. All the above.

Answer: 4. All the above.

Question 38. Restriction endonucleases

1. Cleave DNA at highly specific recognition sequences
2. Are inserted into bacteria by bacteriophages
3. Are made only by eukaryotic cells
4. Add methyl groups to specific DNA sequences.

Answer: 1. Cleave DNA at highly specific recognition sequences

Question 39. Plasmids:

1. Are circular protein molecules
2. Are required by bacteria
3. Are tiny bacteria
4. Confer resistance to antibiotics.

Answer: 4. Confer resistance to antibiotics

Question 40. Genetic diagnosis by DNA testing:

1. Detects only mutant and normal alleles
2. Can be done only on eggs or sperm
3. Involves hybridization to ribosomal RNA
4. Utilizes restriction enzymes and a polymorphic site.

Answer: 4. Utilizes restriction enzymes and a polymorphic site.

Question 41. DNA can be introduced into any cell by:

1. Injection
2. Being complexed with calcium salts
3. Being placed along with the cell into a particulate gene gun
4. Gel electrophoresis.

Answer: 3. Being placed along with the cell into a particulate gene gun

Question 42. In DNA fingerprinting:

1. A positive identification can be made
2. Multiple restriction enzymes digest/generate unique fragments
3. The polymerase chain reaction amplifies fewer DNA
4. The variability of repeated sequences between two restriction sites is evaluated.

Answer: 4. The variability of repeated sequences between two restriction sites is evaluated.

Question 43. Which of the following properties makes plasmids suitable vectors for gene cloning?

1. Plasmids are small circular DNA molecules that can integrate with host chromosomal DNA
2. Plasmids are small circular DNA molecules with their own replication origin site
3. Plasmids can shuttle between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells
4. Plasmids often carry antibiotic-resistance genes.

Answer: 1. Plasmids are small circular DNA molecules that can integrate with host chromosomal DNA

Question 44. Plasmids present in the bacterial cells are :

1. Circular double-helical DNA molecules
2. Circular double-helical RNA molecules
3. Linear double-helical DNA molecules
4. Linear double-helical RNA molecules.

Answer: 1. Circular double-helical DNA molecules

Question 45. The first step in genetic engineering is:

1. Isolation of protein
2. Purification of protein
3. Isolation of genetic material
4. Isolation of RNA.

Answer: 3. Isolation of genetic material

Question 46. The term humulin is used for;

1. Hydrolytic enzyme
2. Isoenzyme
3. Human insulin
4. Powerful antibiotic.

Answer: 2. Isoenzyme

Question 47. The technique by which ‘Dolly’ the sheep was obtained is termed as

1. Cloning without the help of gametes
2. Cloning tissue culture of somatic cells
3. Cloning by nuclear transfer
4. Cloning by gene transfer.

Answer: 3. Cloning by nuclear transfer

Question 48. The first successfully cloned mammal that gained worldwide publicity was:

1. Molly, a sheep
2. Polly, a sheep
3. Chance, a bull
4. Dolly, a sheep.

Answer: 4. Dolly, a sheep.

Question 49. The transgenic animals are those which have :

1. Foreign DNA in some of its cells
2. Foreign DNA in all its cells
3. Foreign RNA in all its cells
4. Both ‘1’ and ‘3′

Answer: 2. Foreign DNA in all its cells

Question 50. Synthesis of DNA can be stopped by incorporating artificial:

1. ddATP
2. ddGTP
3. ddCTP
4. All the above.

Answer: 2. ddGTP

Question 51. Which of the following statements is incorrect?

1. Southern blotting is useful in determining certain genetic defects
2. Southern blotting is used to generate DNA fingerprints
3. DNA fingerprints of two individuals may be similar
4. A DNA fingerprint is a person-specific southern blot.

Answer: 3. DNA fingerprints of two individuals may be similar

Question 52. Which of the following statements is incorrect?

1. A Bioware is the case of a biological weapon against humans and or their crops and animal
2. Bioethics is a set of standards that may be used to regulate our activities in relation to the biological world
3. Recombinant DNA technology is used to produce transgenic organism
4. Genetic engineering has failed in the development of crop varieties resistant to certain insects and diseases.

Answer: 4. Genetic engineering has failed in the development of crop varieties resistant to certain insects and diseases

Question 53. Which transgenic is used in organisms in the production of hirudin?

1. Bacillus thuringiensis
2. Brassica napus
3. Flava savr
4. Spirulina.

Answer: 2. Brassica napus

Question 54. Biopiracy is related to which of the following?

1. Traditional knowledge
2. Biomolecules are bioresources genes isolated from bioresources
3. Bioresources
4. All of the above

Answer: 4. All of the above

Question 55. Which of the following is used in BioWare?

1. A pathogen
2. Toxin from a pathogen
3. A delivery system for the bioweapon agent
4. All of the above.

Answer: 4. All of the above.

Question 56. Biofertilizers include:

1. Blue-green algae, rhizobia, other nitrogen-fixing bacteria and mycorrhiza fungi
2. Blue-green algae, rhizobia, and other nitrogen-fixing bacteria
3. Rhizobia, other nitrogen-fixing bacteria, and mycorrhiza fungi
4. Blue-green algae, rhizobia, and mycorrhiza fungi.

Answer: 1. Blue-green algae, rhizobia, other nitrogen-fixing bacteria, and mycorrhiza fungi

Question 57. Which of the following risks are associated with genetically modified food?

1. Toxicity
2. Allergic reaction
3. Antibiotic resistance in microorganisms present in the alimentary canal

Options:

1. 1 and 2
2. 1, 2, and 3
3. 1 and 3
4. 2 and 3

Answer: 2. 1, 2, and 3

Question 58. A transgene expression can achieve which of the following?

1. Prevent the expression of a native gene.
2. Modify an existing biosynthetic pathway.
3. Produce a protein that itself produces the phenotype of interest or is the product of interest.
4. All of the above.

Answer: 3. Produce a protein that itself produces the phenotype of interest or is the product of interest.

Question 59. Match the object given in column A with the products listed in column B

1. (1-C), (2-A), (3-B), (4-D)
2. (1-C), (2-A), (3-D), (4- B)
3. (1-C), (2-B), (3-A), (4- D)
4. (1-C), (2-D), (3-A), (4-B).

Answer: 1. (1-C), (2-A), (3-B), (4-D)

Question 60. The plant cells without cell walls is called:

1. Protoplasm
2. Protoplast
3. cytoplasm
4. Both (1) and (2).
5. All of the above.

Answer: 2. Protoplast

Biotechnology And Its Applications Questions From Competitive Examinations

Question 1. Which one of the following micro-organisms is used for the production of citric acid in industries?

1. Lactobacillus vulgaris
2. Penicillium citrinin
3. Aspergillus niger
4. Rhizopus nigricans.

Answer: 3. Aspergillus niger

Question 2. Important objectives of biotechnology in the agriculture sector is:

1. To produce pest-resistant varieties of plants
2. To increase the nitrogen content
3. To decrease the seed number
4. To increase the plant weight.

Answer: 1. To produce pest-resistant varieties of plants

Question 3. The main technique involved in agricultural biotechnology is called:

1. Tissue culture
2. Transformation
3. Plant breeding
4. DNA replication.

Answer: 1. Tissue culture

Question 4. The new strain of bacteria produced by biotechnology in the alcohol industry is:

1. Escherichia coli
2. Saccharomyces cerevisiae
3. Bacillus subtilis
4. Pseudomonas putida.

Answer: 4. Pseudomonas putida.

Question 5. The basis of DNA fingerprinting is:

1. Availability of cloned DNA
2. Knowledge of human karyotype
3. Occurrence of restriction fragment length polymorphism (RELP)
4. Phenotypic differences between individuals.

Answer: 3. Occurrence of restriction fragment length polymorphism (RELP)

Question 6. Genetically engineered bacteria have been used in commercial production of:

1. Thyroxine
2. Testosterone
3. Human insulin
4. Melatonin.

Answer: 3. Human insulin

Question 7. Which of the following correctly defines a transgenic animal?

1. An animal that has foreign DNA in all its cells because of an injection of DNA into the nuclei of the zygote from which it is developed
2. An animal that has foreign DNA in all its cells because of an injection of DNA into the nuclei ol some of the cells in adulthood
3. An animal that has foreign DNA and RNA in some of its cells because of an injection of DNA and RNA into the nucleus of the zygote from which it is developed
4. An animal that has foreign DNA in some of its cells because of an injection of DNA, into the nuclei of some of the cells of the blastocyst.

Answer: 1. An animal that has foreign DNA in all its cells because of an injection of DNA into the nuclei of the zygote from which it is developed

Question 8. Which one of the following in not true about antibiotics?

1. The first antibiotic was discovered by Alexander Fleming
2. The term ‘antibiotic’ was coined by Selman Waksman in 1942
3. Soine persons can be allergic to a particular antibiotic
4. Each antibiotic is effective only against one particular kind of germ.

Answer: 4. Each antibiotic is effective only against one particular kind of germ.

Question 9. Rennin used in the cheese industry is :

1. Antibiotic
2. Alkaloid
3. Enzyme
4. Inhibitor.

Answer: 3. Enzyme

Question 10. The organism used for alcoholic fermentation is:

1. Saccharomyces
2. Aspergillus
3. Pseudomonas
4. Pencillium.

Answer: 1. Saccharomyces

Question 11. A cell-coded protein that is formed in response to infection with most animal viruses is called:

1. Histone
2. Vaccine
3. Antibody
4. Interferon.

Answer: 4. Interferon.

Question 12. Which of the following organelles is related with genetic engineering?

1. Mitochondria
2. Golgi apparatus
3. Plasmids
4. Lysosomes.

Answer: 3. Plasmids

Question 13. A chemical substance derived from a living source that has the capacity to inhibit growth or to destroy microbes is called.

1. Vaccine
2. Toxoid
3. Toxin
4. Antibiotic.

Answer: 4. Antibiotic.

Question 14. The Central Drug Research Institute (CDRI) is situated in:

1. New Delhi
2. Allahabad
3. Lucknow
4. Kanpur.

Answer: 3. Lucknow

Question 15. Wine and Beer are produced directly by fermentation. Brandy and Whisky require both fermentation and distillation because:

1. Fermentation is inhibited at an alcoholic level of 10-18%
2. Distillation prolongs storage
3. Distillation improves quality
4. Distillation purifies the beverage.

Answer: 1. Fermentation is inhibited at an alcoholic level of 10-18%

Question 16. The antibiotics obtained from Streptomyces are:

1. Chloramphenicol, Erythromycin
2. Leucomyein, Neomycin
3. Novobiocin, Spiramycin
4. All of these.

Answer: 4. All of these.

Question 17. Human insulin has 51 amino acids in two chains. Mark the correct statement.

1. A chain with 21 and B chain with 30 amino acids.
2. A chain with 20 and B chain with 31 amino acids.
3. A chain has 31 has B has 20 amino acids
4. A chain has 30 and B has 21 amino acids.

Answer: 1. A chain with 21 and B chain with 30 amino acids.

Question 18. During “gene cloning” which is called as “gene taxi”?

1. Vaccine
2. Plasmid
3. Bacterium
4. Protozoa.

Answer: 2. Plasmid

Question 19. What does Bt stand for the popular crop Bt cotton?

1. Biotechnology
2. Best type
3. Bacillus tomentose.
4. Bacillus thuringiensis

Answer: 4. Bacillus thuringiensis

Question 20. Name the drug used in cancer treatment produced by using biotechnology:

1. Terrain
2. HGH
3. Insulin
4. Interferon.

Answer: 4. Interferon.

Question 21. The main technique involved in agricultural biotechnology is called:

1. Tissue culture
2. Transformation
3. Plant breeding
4. DNA replication.

Answer: 1. Tissue culture

Question 22. In genetic engineering, the antibiotics are used:

1. To select healthy vectors
2. As sequence from where replication starts
3. To keep the culture free of infection
4. As selectable marker

Answer: 4. As a selectable marker

Question 23. Use of biology in industrial processes and for improving quality of life is called:

1. Biotechnology
2. Microbiology
3. Genetic engineering
4. Eugenics.

Answer: 1. Biotechnology

Question 24. What is the reason of the formation of embryoids from pollen grain in tissue culture medium?

1. Cellular totipotency
2. Organogenesis
3. Double fertilization
4. Test tube culture.

Answer: 1. Cellular totipotency

Question 25. The technique of obtaining large number of plantlets by tissue culture method is called:

1. Organ culture
2. Micropropagation
3. Micropropagation
4. Plantlet culture.

Answer: 2. Micropropagation

Question 26. Somaclonal variation can be obtained by:

1. Application of colchicine
2. Hybridization
3. Irradiation with gamma rays
4. Tissue culture.

Answer: 4. Tissue culture.

Question 27. Cultivation of Bt cotton has been much in the news. The prefix Bt means:

1. “Barium treated” cotton seeds
2. “Bigger thread” variety of cotton with better tensile strength
3. Produced by “biotechnology” using restriction enzymes and ligases
4. Carrying an endotoxin gene from Bacillus thuringiensis

Answer: 4. Carrying an endotoxin gene from Bacillus thuringiensis

Question 28. In transgenics, expression of transgene in target tissue is determined by:

1. Transgene
2. Promoter
3. Reporter
4. Enhancer.

Answer: 2. Promoter

Question 29. The Ti plasmid is often used for making transgenic plants. This plasmid is found in:

1. Rhizobium of the roots of leguminous plants
2. Agrobacterium
3. Yeast as a 2 μm plasmid
4. Azotobacter.

Answer: 2. Agrobacterium

Question 30. The first antibiotic was discovered by

1. Louis Pasteur
2. R. Koch
3. W. Fleming
4. A Fleming.

Answer: 4. A Fleming.

Question 31. Colchicine brings about:

1. Chromosome aberrations
2. Duplication of chromosomes
3. Gene mutations
4. Quick replication.

Answer: 2. Duplication of chromosomes

Question 32. A hybrid is a hybrid carrying :

1. Cytoplasms of two different plants
2. Genomes and cytoplasms of two different plants
3. Cytoplasms of two different plants and the genome of one plant
4. Genomes of two different plants.

Answer: 3. Cytoplasms of two different plants and genome of one plant

Question 33. Biogas produced by anaerobic decomposition used in combustion is mainly due to the presence of:

1. H₂
2. CH₄
3. H₂S
4. None of these.

Answer: 2. CH₄

Question 34. Which of the following is not an antibiotic?

1. Aflatoxin
2. Penicillin
3. Chloromycetin
4. Streptomycin

Answer: 1. Aflatoxin

Question 35. Which raw material is used in the fermentation process of Which one of the following is the correctly matched pair of a product and the microorganism responsible for it?

1. Sugar in fruits
2. Starch in cereals
3. Protein in pulses
4. Starch in vegetables

Answer: 2. Starch in cereals

Question 36. Which one of the following in the correctly matched pair of a product and the microorganisms responsible for it?

1. Ethyl alcohol – Yeast
2. Cheese – Nitrobacter
3. Acetic acid – Lactobacillus
4. Curd – Azotobacter.

Answer: 1. Ethyl alcohol – Yeast

Question 37. Hybridoma technology has been successfully used in:

1. Synthesis of haemoglobin
2. Production of alcohol in bulk
3. Production of somatic hybrids
4. Synthesis of monoclonal antibodies.

Answer: 4. Synthesis of monoclonal antibodies.

Question 38. Match the types of bacteria listed under column A with their activity given in column B Choose the answer that gives the correct combination of the alphabets of the two columns:

1. A = q, B = r, C = p, D = t
2. A = q, B = r, C = s, D = t
3. A = s, B = t, C = p, D = r
4. A = t, B = p, C = r, D = s.

Answer: 2. A = q, B = r, C = s, D = t

Question 39. India’s wheat yield revolution in the 1960s was possible primarily due to:

1. Increased chlorophyll content
2. Mutations resulting in plant height reduction
3. Quantitative trait mutations
4. Hybrid seeds.

Answer: 3. Quantitative trait mutations

Question 40. A self-fertilizing trihybrid plant forms:

1. 4 different gametes and 16 different zygotes
2. 8 different gametes and 16 different zygotes
3. 8 different gametes and 32 different zygotes
4. 8 different gametes and 64 different zygotes.

Answer: 4. 8 different gametes and 64 different zygotes.

Question 41. Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) strains have been used for designing novel:

1. Bio-metallurgical techniques
2. Bio-mineralization processes
3. Bioinsecticidal plants
4. Biofertilizers.

Answer: 3. Bioinsecticidal plants

Question 42. Which of the following is generally used for induced mutagenesis in crop plants?

1. Alpha particles
2. X-rays
3. UV (260 nm)
4. Gamma rays (from cobalt60).

Answer: 3. UV (260 nm)

Question 43. An institution where valuable plant material likely to become irretrievably lost in the wild or in cultivation is preserved in a viable condition is known as:

1. Genome
2. Gene library
3. Gene bank
4. Herbarium.

Answer: 3. Gene bank

Question 44. Hirudin is:

1. A protein produced by Hordeum vulgare, which is rich in lysine
2. A toxic molecule isolated from Gossypium hirsutum, which reduces human fertility
3. A protein produced from transgenic Brassica napus, which prevents blood clotting
4. An antibiotic produced by a genetically engineered bacterium, Escherichia coli.

Answer: 3. A protein produced from transgenic Brassica napus, which prevents blood clotting

Question 45. Golden rice is a promising transgenic crop, when released for cultivation, it will help in:

1. Alleviation of vitamin A deficiency
2. Pest resistance
3. Herbicide tolerance
4. Producing a petrol-like fuel from rice.

Answer: 1. Alleviation of vitamin A deficiency

Question 46. Which antibiotic inhibits the interaction between tRNA and mRNA during bacterial protein synthesis?

1. Erythromycin
2. Neomycin
3. Streptomycin
4. Tetracycline.

Answer: 3. Streptomycin

Question 47. Match List 1 with List 2 and select the correct option.

1. (1)-B, (2)-D, (3)-A, (4)-E, (5)-C
2. (1)-B, (2)-A, (3)-E, (4)-A, (5)-C
3. (1)-D, (3)-C, (3)-E, (4)-B, (5)-C
4. (1)-C, (2)-D, (3)-E, (4)-A, (5)-B
5. (1)-D, (2)-B, (3)-E, (4)-C, (5)-A

Answer: 3. (1)-D, (3)-C, (3)-E, (4)-B, (5)-C

Question 48. Select the wrong statement:

1. Pectinase and cellulase dissolve the cell wall
2. Some cyanobacteria form a symbiotic association with the fern Azolla
3. Regeneration of cell wall in somatic hybridization is induced by PEG
4. Plants obtained through pollen culture are always haploids
5. Shoot regeneration in the callus is promoted by cytokinin-like BAP.

Answer: 3. Plants obtained through pollen culture are always haploids

Question 49. A transgenic food crop that may help in solving the problem of night blindness in developing countries is:

1. Golden rice
2. Bt Soyabean
3. Starlink maize
4. Flavr Savr tomatoes.

Answer: 1. Golden rice

Question 50. The main objective of the production/use of herbicide-resistant GM crops is to:

1. Encourage eco-friendly herbicides
2. Eliminate weeds from the field without the use of herbicides
3. Reduce herbicide accumulation in food articles for health safety
4. Eliminate weeds from the field without the use of manual labor.

Answer: 4. Eliminate weeds from the field without the use of manual labor.

Question 51. Human insulin is being commercially produced from a transgenic species of:

1. Rhizobium
2. Escherichia
3. Saccharomyces
4. Mycobacterium.

Answer: 2. Escherichia

Question 52. What is antisense technology?

1. RNA polymerase-producing DNA
2. Production of somaclonal variants in tissue cultures
3. A cell displaying a foreign antigen used for the synthesis of antigens
4. When a piece of RNA that is complementary in sequence is used to stop the expression of a specific gene.

Answer: 4. When a piece of RNA that is complementary in sequence is used to stop the expression of a specific gene.

Question 53. The process of RNA interference has been used in the development of plant resistant to :

1. Nematodes
2. Fungi
3. Viruses
4. Insects

Answer: 1. Nematodes

Question 54. Maximum number of existing transgenic animals is of:

1. Fish
2. Mice
3. Cow
4. Pig.

Answer: 2. Mice

Question 55. Consumption of which one of the following foods can prevent the kind of blindness associated with vitamin ‘A’ deficiency?

1. Canolla
2. Golden rice
3. Bt-Brinjal
4. ‘Flavar Savr’ tomato

Answer: 2. Golden rice

Question 56. Which of the following Bt crops is being grown in India by the farmers?

1. Cotton
2. Brinjal
3. Soyabean
4. Maize

Answer: 1. Cotton