Periodontal Manifestation of HIV Infection Question And Answers

Periodontal Manifestation of HIV Infection

Question 1: Describe the periodontal manifestations of HIV infection.
Answer:

• HIV is a member of the lentivirus family of retroviruses and it has been associated with the global pandemic AIDS.
• The oral manifestation of HIV infection are more often than not associated with the immune compromisation of the host.

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Gingivitis In Hiv Patients

• The linear gingival erythema (LGE) reported in HIV-infected individuals is characterized by a 2–3 mm marginal band of intense gingival erythema with more apical focal and/or diffuse areas of erythema that may extend beyond the mucogingival line.
• These erythematous changes are usually generalized but may be confined to one or two teeth.
• This condition does not respond to conventional scaling, root planning, and plaque control.
• Microbiology: The linear gingival erythema is strongly associated with Candida albicans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Fusobacterium nucleatum, and Campylobacter rectus.

Acute Necrotizing Gingivitis

ANUG lesions as discussed earlier may be present in HIV- seropositive individuals.

Hiv-Associated Periodontitis

Necrotizing ulcerative periodontitis (NUP), the features of which have been described previously.