Laboratory Values Of Clinical Importance
In this appendix, tables of reference values of some important common laboratory investigations are provided which will help in interpreting the results during examinations as well as during clinician’s practice.
The term “reference values” has replaced older terminology “normal values/ranges”.
A variety of factors can influence reference values and it varies between laboratories depending on the laboratory methods, mode of standardization, and other factors.
This is especially the case with enzyme assays. The reference or “normal” ranges given in this appendix may, therefore, not be appropriate for all laboratories and they should only be used as general guidelines.
Hence, reference values provided by the laboratory performing the test should be used in the interpretation of laboratory results.
Most clinical laboratories and all medical and scientific journals use the SI system.
Since, conventional units are still used in many laboratories in developing countries, in this section, laboratory values are given in both conventional and international units.
Many analytes are measured in either serum (the supernatant of clotted blood) or plasma (the supernatant of anticoagulated blood).
The laboratory reference values in this appendix are divided into different sections namely:
Hematology And Coagulation
Clinical Chemistry Of Blood
Lipid Profile
Renal Function Tests
Thyroid Functions tests
Urine
Cerebrospinal fluid
Short List of Routinely Used formulae in medicine
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